Dr. Lawrence Britt has examined the fascist regimes of
Hitler (Germany),Mussolini (Italy), Franco (Spain),
Suharto (Indonesia) and several Latin American regimes.
Britt found 14 defining characteristics common to each:
- 1. Powerful and Continuing Nationalism -
- Fascist regimes tend to make constant use
- of patriotic motto's, slogans, symbols, songs, and
- other paraphernalia. Flags are seen everywhere,
- as are flag symbols on clothing
- and in public displays.
-
- 2. Disdain for the Recognition of Human Rights -
- Because of fear of enemies
- and the need for security, the people in fascist
- regimes are persuaded that
- human rights can be ignored in certain cases because
- of "need." The people
- tend to look the other way or even approve of torture,
- summary executions,
- assassinations, long incarcerations of prisoners, etc.
-
- 3. Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause -
- The people are rallied into a unifying patriotic frenzy
- over the need to eliminate a perceived common threat
- or foe: racial , ethnic or religious minorities; liberals;
- communists; socialists, terrorists, etc.
-
- 4. Supremacy of the Military -
- Even when there are widespread
- domestic problems, the military is given a
- disproportionate amount of
- government funding, and the domestic agenda
- is neglected. Soldiers and
- military service are glamorized.
-
- 5. Rampant Sexism -
- The governments of fascistnations tend to be almost
- exclusively male-dominated. Under fascist regimes,
- traditional gender roles are made more rigid.
- Divorce, abortion and homosexuality are suppressed
- and the state is represented as the ultimate
- guardian of the family institution.
-
- 6. Controlled Mass Media -
- Sometimes to media is directly controlled by
- the government, but in other cases, the media
- is indirectly controlled by government regulation,
- or sympathetic media spokespeople and executives.
- Censorship, especially in war time, is very common.
-
- 7. Obsession with National Security -
- Fear is used as a motivational tool by the
- government over the masses.
-
- 8. Religion and Government are Intertwined -
- Governments in fascist nations
- tend to use the most common religion in the
- nation as a tool to manipulate
- public opinion. Religious rhetoric and
- terminology is common from
- government leaders, even when the major
- tenets of the religion are
- diametrically opposed to the government's
- policies or actions.
-
- 9. Corporate Power is Protected -
- The industrial and business aristocracyof a
- fascist nation often are the ones who put
- the government leaders into power,
- creating a mutually beneficial business/government
- relationship and power elite.
-
- 10. Labor Power is Suppressed -
- Because the organizing power of labor
- is the only real threat to a fascist government,
- labor unions are either eliminated
- entirely, or are severely suppressed.
-
- 11. Disdain for Intellectuals and the Arts -
- Fascist nations tend to promote and tolerate
- open hostility to higher education,and
- academia. It is not uncommon for professors
- and other academics to be censored or even
- arrested. Free expression in the arts and
- letters is openly attacked.
-
- 12. Obsession with Crime and Punishment -
- Under fascist regimes, the police are given
- almost limitless power to enforcelaws.
- The people are often willing to overlook
- police abuses and even forgo civil liberties
- in the name of patriotism. There is often a
- national police force with virtually unlimited
- power in fascist nations.
-
- 13. Rampant Cronyism and Corruption -
- Fascist regimes almost always aregoverned by
- groups of friends and associates who appoint
- each other to government positions and use
- governmental power and authority to protect
- their friends from accountability. It is not
- uncommon in fascist regimes for national
- resources and even treasures to be appropriated
- or even outright stolen by government leaders.
-
- 14. Fraudulent Elections -
- Sometimes elections in fascist nations are a complete
- sham. Other times elections are manipulated by
- smear campaigns against or even assassination of
- opposition candidates, use of legislation to control
- voting numbers or political district boundaries, and
- manipulation of the media. Fascist nations also
- typically use their judiciaries to manipulate or control
- elections.
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